The time semantics may become weaker
and another seme, dictated by the context may take the
central position in the poetic language distinguished by
special suggestibility. The usage of the lexems which
belong to the lexical-semantic field «winter», presenting
the incarnation of the national symbol, in the poetic
speech is the striking example of such semantic transformation.
The comparative analysis with the poetry of
the «south» authors also confirms this. The lexical-semantic
complex «winter» at the same time can have
both positive and negative connotations, the latter in
most cases prevails. The national symbols can be extended
also to the concept of chronotop and temporary
transspective.

The article is dedicated to the development
of personal animacy in plural. The statistical and content
analysis of Moscow Chronicle contexts (the end of the
15th century) allowed to show consistency with variation
of the accusative and the genitive-accusative cases
in the names of persons in plural. The choice of case
depends on activity / passivity of referents and concrete
/ abstract content of the utterance correlated with spatiotemporal
location of situation.

The concept subject in modern linguistics
is the polysemantic concept which has several interpretations.
Reliable criteria are necessary for differentiation
of the category within the statement. Revealing of a
category of the subject in speech should be carried out
from the perpsective of the structural-semantic direction
which supposes the multidimensional approach to the
analysis of linguistic unit. It is necessary to carry out
consecutive differentiation of meanings of the subject
in linguistics. It seems reasonable to name three major
meanings: the language subject, the speech subject
and an ego-category. In turn, the language subject has
subspecies: a subject-agens, the animated subject, the
subject of lexical orientation of a predicate, a subjecttheme
[5, 27]. Besides, subjectness of language as expression
in language of subject meaning is necessary
for distinguishing from subjectivity of speech in its selfcentred
meaning. The subjectivity of speech has its own
forms of expression in the language: subjectification,
topicalisation, isolation, an estimation.

The article is devoted to the historic-etymological
characteristic of native Turkic words, acquired
by Russian national language in the initial (end 18th-
19th centuries) the period of its formation and received
reflection in the Dictionary of the Russian Academy.
The concrete Turkic language sources of the revealed
lexemes and the way (direct or indirect, oral or written)
of their penetrations into the Russian language are established.
Tatar words prevail among them, and the reflection
of the lexical impact of the Crimean Tatar and
Kumyk languages along with Turkish influence is emphasized
in the paper.

The article illustrates the analysis of the
similar derivational ways and models of word creation
in ego- and cubofuturists vocabulary and the description
of the similarities of ways with which Igor-Severyanin
and Vasily Kamensky created new words. These
ways were the part of the base of the word creation of
Russian futurism. It is proved that Vasily Kamenskys
word creation is closer to Igor-Severyanins one, than
to the ways of cubo-futurists. For both of them a suffixation
was the most frequently used way of derivation.
The ways of constructing new words were distinguished
by the variety of word creating models taken from the
same vocabulary. As a result, large derivational families
of words from different authors neologisms appeared.

Despite significant differences between domestic
and Western linguistics, there is a general trend
in the methodology of linguistic analysis, which is concisely
formulated by S. Kartsevsky as asymmetric dualism
of the lexical sign. In the tradition of the domestic
linguistics this direction is called the structural-semantic
method, the fundamental approach of which is the understanding
of linguistic phenomena as demonstrating
the properties of variability and binarism, symmetry and
asymmetry.

The paper is devoted to the image of the
author and the methods of creating it in the articles of
A.Bolotov for the magazine Economic shop. Basing
on the biographical sources and journal articles, the actual
historical figure is compared to the image that the
writer had created for the most effective dialogue with
the reader.
The author of the paper analyzed the material of the
weekly and identified the linguistic means of expressing
the authors self. Modern reporters use different linguistic
means in order to give their material as much intensity,
emotion and imagery, so that their texts would be
enjoyed and remembered for a long time.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the
influence of foreign borrowings and international wordbuilding
morphemes on forming of new ergonymic terms
functioning in a trade sphere. The causes of borrowing
of language units in modern Russian ergonymics are
revealed. The analysis of modern Russian ergonymic
terms allows to come to the conclusion that the majority
of them were formed under the influence of foreign borrowings
or international word-building morphemes. Due
to borrowings of lexical units from different languages
recently the quantity of the new nomenclatural units in a
sphere of trade objects considerably increased.

This paper deals with the functioning of
the religious elements, the biblical expressions, in Fets
poetry. The author analyzes the semantics of religious
nomination in the context of Fets poems, the peculiarity
of their use in creating an artistic image and their
reflection of the authors worldview. He gives the classification
of the biblical expressions. Special attention
is paid to the use biblical idioms and their variation in
Fets poems. The composition of the biblical expression
is also analyzed.

The paper is devoted to the study of the
inner form of substantive metaphorical collocations. The
author attempts to characterize the meaning of the basic
(metaphorical) word in such collocations and suggests
semantic classification of substantive metaphors which
is based on semantic transfer. Among the units used by
the poets of the early 20th century to depict heavenly
bodies the author distinguishes productive and singular,
common language and occasional metaphors. The
study also shows that the synesthetic metaphor which
combines two or more transfers (in color, sound, size,
manner, etc.) is common to all types of the units under
study.

The article deals with the features of the
phytonym tree in the context of Russian fairy tales in
terms of mythological, folkloric and linguistic aspects.
The purpose of this research is to illustrate that the
phytonym tree has a special connotative meaning in
folkloric texts. The ancient symbol of the tree in fairy
tales has the folkloric figurative associations. The basic
approach of this research is anthropocentric, aimed at
defining the role of man in flora.

Every year a lot of new foreign words appear
in the Russian language, which dont have time to
adapt, but may be used actively by the native speakers
of Russian in some communicative spheres. While
studying inclusions, barbarisms and exotics of Italian
origin we differentiate these notions by the use of examples
from modern printings, identify the type of graphic
design and the sphere of communicative activity. As a
result, one can see a great number of inclusions and
barbarisms in the script of the source-language, graphic
variations of the exotisms of Italian origin (капучино -
капуччино), as well as the use of unadapted vocabulary
of Italian origin in different communicative spheres.

The idioms of semantic opposition
strength-weakness are considered in this article as a
means of estimation in modern Russian language. The
author of the paper studies the correlation base of gradation
and estimate scale. As a result of the analyze of
idioms semantics their classification is suggested, the
ways of expressing estimation by means of idioms is
described, the peculiarities of idioms functioning in the
language of media are established. In conclusion gradation
strong-weak that is realized by idioms is identified
as a functional and semantic variant of estimate scale.

The author of the article compares the
pairs of colloquialisms, jargon, slang lexemes with their
literature analogues and evaluates the priority degree of
the usage of one of named words in contemporary texts
and discourses, and reveals those linguistic factors
which promote actualization of one or another lexeme.
The considerable changes of the lexical composition
of the Russian language in the end of 20th - beginning
of 21st centuries are connected with the movement of
irregular lexemes to the lexical systems center.
As a result of the comparative analysis of
colloquialisms, jargon, slang lexemes and their literature
analogues the conclusion is made that the progress of
named words from the language system outlying to its
centre and their actualization is determined by such
factors as the expansion of sphere of influence of
the literary language, increased mobility of language
means, urgency of the denoted concept, as well as the
existence of the estimate component and connotations
in their meaning approved in the society.

The problems of associations on the pragmatic
level, the factors of individuality: inner, personal
aspects in associative fields construction are studied in
the article. The individuality of associations depends on
external and internal factors. The external factors are
the national factor, the factors of age, gender and the
social factor, which were already analyzed by famous
linguists and psychologists. While the internal factors
include the representative system of a person, worlds
model, which outgoes from a personal inner experience
of a person, along with the concept of sense and
purpose. The article is devoted to the study of these
internal factors of identifying associations individuality.
The study of associations on linguistic level is not complete.
For identifying the individuality of associations it
is necessary to study them on the pragmatic level. The
neurolinguistic approach to the study of associations reveals
variety and individuality of associative links.

In the works of mature G.Grass many features
of forming post-modernistic situation can be traced.
This is reflected in the authors choice of play carnival
diffuse subjects as protagonists and his adherence to
special postmodernism ethics. The latter is marked by
primacy of esthetic world perception, pluralism of ethic
systems, criticism of human violent reformation strategies.
But preaching the ethics of postmodernism, over
all Grass remains an orthodox modernist writer.

The article deals with study of folk traditions
in the novel The Summer of the Lord by I. Shmelev.
The main feature of the novels language structure
is the use of different genres of folklore, for example folk
songs, proverbs and sayings, jokes, signs, fabulous images
and motives. The ways of inclusion and the nature
of functioning of the folk and poetic elements are pre-determined
by literary goal and vary a lot. The folk genres
are the instrumental characteristics of characters, they
light up of the novel situation, create its atmosphere.
The folklore is related to the general stylistic dominating
idea of the novel and is directly connected with the main
values of the national culture.

The author of the article analyzes the
space-time images of the poetry in the magazine Useful
entertainment, the idea of time, the history of mankind
and the Russian state. It is revealed that the poetry
magazine is transitional in its nature, since different
space-time pictures of the world: classical and Masonic
co-exist in it. This allows us to consider the magazine
Useful entertainment as the first stage of formation of
the Masonic trend in Russian poetry. The authors are
convinced that the human nature is imperfect and contradictory,
that is why there can be no harmony in this
world. This concept of the magazine differs from the
classic worldview. At the same time the presence of immutable
eternal values, ideal and perfect in the world is
approved.

In this article the Senacours Preface to
his novel Obermann is analyzed. The analysis of the
Preface allows not only to discover the artistic-esthetical
beliefs of the writer, whose works reflected the change
from educational to romantic literature, but also to trace
Senacours understanding of the new narrative strategy,
that changes the character of the genre, which becomes
the way of authors self-expression. Special attention
is paid to the problem of Senacours attitude to his
character and to the authors and characters presence
in the text, as they approach each other in the very act of
the writing. The character becomes more significant as
a bearer of the words that he tells about himself. The
independence of the consciousness of the character
thinking about the world and himself is confirmed in
denial of the discourse, which is made according to the
logical and rhetorical laws and the search of the free
style showing bright individuality of Self.

This paper is the result of the theoretical
research on synthesis of the arts as a landmark in the
culture of the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. This
topic is covered on the example of the genre synthesis
of a A.P. Chekhovs drama. The analysis of A.P. Chekhov
drama genre structure is performed at all levels of
poetics: the conflict, characters, image system. The
special attention is paid to the failure of communication
and authors irony. The article also defines the role
of Chekhovs influence on the genre for the further
development of the Russian drama.

The paper is devoted to the study of images
of characters in the story by L.Andreev Life of Basil
of Thebes. The object of the article is the symbolism of
names and symbolic images such as: silence, a wall,
laughter, madness. The symbols are considered by the
author of the articles as tools with which Andreev can
best express the idea of his work. This paper focuses on
the analysis of the psychological techniques used by the
writer. In addition to identifying artistic techniques, the
article provides an in-depth analysis of literary works.

This article discusses the specifics of
the genre of biography in Materials for the biography
of Alexey Titov, Archbishop of Ryazan and Murom,
authored by V.Titov. The author addresses the history
and purpose of creation of the work, the personality of
the main character - a real historical person; the features
of the narrative structure of biography. The study also
involved the analysis of archival documents - personal
letters of V. Titov. The author concludes that the appeal
to the biographical genre can give readers an instructive
moral example.

The paper is devoted to the theme of Italy in
the works of Ivan Bunin. Italian motives are considered
in the late and early lyric of the poet. The particular
attention is paid to the poetry of 1916 and 1930s. The
analysis of poems is focused on the identification of
Bunins aesthetic pattern and clarification of his worldview.
The key thought of the article is that Bunins Italian
verses embody his understanding of the world cultures
unity.

In the article the author observes the question
of correlation between portrait characteristics and
personality structures of the main characters. This is
an attempt to integrate the study of literature with the
contemporary analytical psychology. Consistent correspondence
between the portrait characteristics and
clearly indicated characters of the main heroes reveals
the depth of Tolstoys psychological insight and explains
the lifelikeness of his characters. The author emphasizes
that the portraits of the novels characters helped
Tolstoy to fully expose their inner world.

The author of the article analyzed the images
of fire and light in the poetry collection Radunitsa,
the first S.Yesenins collection publication. The images
of fire and light (such as sun, moon, dawn, crescent,
fire, candlelight) play an important role in poets poems
and can be reviewed from different aspects. In this work
the attention is paid to origins of these images (their biblical,
mythological roots), symbolism, their relationship
in terms of lyric composition. This helps to extend the
perception of composition contents. In summary, the
author reveals light dominants and key motives of the
collection, associated with reviewing images.

The paper deals with identification of the
complex meaning of community, commune, collective,
Ecclesia in philosophical discourse and aesthetics
1920-1930s on the material analysis of the dialogue
between M. Prishvin and A. Meier, N. Fedorov, A. Gorsky,
N. Setnitsky. The main object of the study is a system
of images and philosophical ideas in diaries and artworks
of M. Prishvin in 1920-1930s, philosophical works
of A. Meier, N. Fedorov, A. Gorsky, N. Setnitsky.

The article deals with the features of the
comic elements in Dostoevskys works. The interaction
between the comic and the tragic is considered basing
on the novel The Demons as a source material. The
novel The Demons, being one of the darkest novels,
is permeated with comic elements, which include the
whole range of the comic: from irony and satire to grotesque.
The combination of the comic with the tragic
helped to create the realism in higher meaning of the
word. The analysis of the comic elements is important
for exploring the creative method of the writer.

The article is devoted to study of religious
principle in art, and in this case - the prayer lyrics. It
presents the analysis of psychological and spiritual
values of the mans turning to God on the example of
the first collections of poems by M. Tsvetaeva Evening
Album (1910) and Magic Lantern (1912). The study
allowed us to present the lyrics in the first Tsvetaevas
prayer collections as a reflection of the deepest and
most significant experiences of lyrical heroine. Much attention
is paid to the analysis of the psychological state
of the heroine, the disclosure of the diversity of her personality.

For the modern study of literature the biographical
researches, based on new archival findings
and on study of lifetime and first posthumous editions,
are of great interest and have become the subject of
annotated article. The content of the article helps to recognize
the appearance in literature of a talented poetinnovator
Ivan Savvich Nikitin. For the first time the history
of editions of his works in pre-revolutionary time is
included into scientific turn, and publications of future -
post-revolutionary years are based on them.

The article deals with materials from the
archival collection of Victor Astafyev kept at the Librarymuseum
in his native village Ovsyanka. Looking at writers
creative laboratory the author examines various
stages of his work on the stories written in the 1990s
and examines the complex of corrections and additions
related to the theme of motherhood. Referring to the
philosophical and biographical reasons for Astafyevs
interest to the image of mother, E. Shloma focuses on
particular changes that writer makes in portraits of his
characters and their speech. The article interprets both
massive inserts, that greatly extend texts and the pointed
editings of certain words and expressions.