Object of the analysis is sentences
with a verbal and substantive predicate with
semantics of a mental state of the person and
its synonymic relations. A necessary condition
of occurrence of synonyms with semantics the
subject and his state is a distinction of indicators
of this semantics. Not all substantive sentences
enter synonymic relations with verbal
sentences. In cases of presence of syntactic synonyms
semantic and stylistic shades occur.

The article focuses upon the unsolved
problems of the theory of discourse in
connection with stating units and categories of
analysis of the semantic side of discourse. Different
approaches to revealing the units of discourse
analysis are suggested: communicative,
interactional, interdiscursive. An attempt is
made to show the results of applying the principles
of these approaches to discourse analysis.
An utterance, standing for sentence actualization
from the viewpoint of correlation of utterance
to reality in terms of its true meaning, is
suggested as a unit of discourse analysis.

The main aim of this article is to investigate
the problem of meaning as a word substance
structural component. It means that we
are to analyse the temporal determinant of the
meaning. To achieve this aim we analyse time
conceptions, which were investigated by А.N.
Leontiev, I.N. Gansvind, K.G. Jung, G. Leibnitz,
J. Barbour, L. Kobelev, C. Kravchenko,
J.K. Strelkov. The distinctive features research
of the meaning and a perceptible material
as a consciousness structural elements was
based on the contextual analysis.

The article considers the nomination
of trees as a means of anthropomorphous
symbolization in Russian poetry. There is the
comparative analysis of distinguishing the lexical-
semantic group «trees» as an independent
one in various lexicographical publications both
in ancient times and in modern semantic dictionaries.
The nomination of trees is examined from
two different positions: as a direct and as a symbolic
reflection of reality. The article presents
the comparison of a tree to a man, animals, inanimate
objects, invented anthropoid creatures in
poetic speech in detail. The comparison reveals
the anthropocentric approach of the man to the
surrounding reality. All the reasons stated in
the article are corroborated with extensive illustrations
taken from the poetic texts.

The article deals with the morphological
variations of objects of epithetation
in epiphrases containing compound epithets
functioning in fiction. On the basis of analysis
the most active lexemes have become revealed
among them, there are both common nouns and
proper nouns, units wide spread in language
and used occasionally, the traditional and inversive
character of their usage is pointed out
depending on the parts of speech. The tendency
of changing of the object of epithetation is investigated
on the field of fiction of XVIII -XX
century.

In article deals with the means of
creation of a visual speech situation which is
the most considerable component of the text
and a basis of its figurativeness. The speech situation
is formed by the visual predicates which
semantic structure influences behavior of the
observer and character of course of action. In
texts of Russian classical prose there are several
types of visual perception.

It is being proved that in a simple
sentence with a subject and a nominal predicate
syntactic category of time is created through
the interaction of content and formal grammar
components of a sentence and is explicated by
binding «ЗНА ЧИТ », which may also have an
analytical form. It is being shown that the presence
of verbal traits in the binding component
contributes to the variety of its semantic and
stylistic features.

This article is an attempt to describe
combinatory power of prefixal verbs of
movement in Russian with determination of obligatory
and optional valency. This article deals
with such methods of valence determination as
linguistic experiment which consisted in creating
of sentences with prefixal verbs of movement
and research based on Corpus of Standard
Written Russian and also introduces the results
of these two researches. The article refers to the
verb prefixes, which determine combinatory
power of prefixal verbs of movement.

In present article we state the results
of the complex experimental phonetic
research of the intonation of the inserted constructions.
In the process of the research we
took into account such important factors as
semantics of the inserted constructions, degree
of semantic connectedness of the inserted
constructions with basic expression or with its
separate component, and also the syntactical
dependence/independence of insertions. The
experiment was conducted in the laboratory
of experimental phonetics at The Institute of
Asian and African Studies under Moscow State
University with the help of computer program
Praat 200. On basis of audit analysis of all parameters
of intonation of the inserted constructions
(melody, pause, tempo, volume, timbre)
pause and tempo in aggregate with melody and
volume were identified as relevant.

Definition of «aroma» and «aromatic
substance» has been known to orient
Slavionian from XI-XII centuries. Originally
aromatic substances are used in church service
and funeral in Kievan Russia. From XVIII
lexical borrowing from French comes into use.
Perfumery and cosmetics come into being from
XIX century. In XX-XXI the structure of cosmetics
extends, the part of them is perfumery
products, according to professional usage.
Special definition «aroma» comes into Russian
from French.
In modern perfumery perfumes are divided
into natural and artificial ones. These forms
can be both simple and integrate. Compared together
Russian and French special names tell us
about existence of both similarities and differences
of perfumes and flavor compounds.
Domestic perfume terminology is based on
the French terminology and the majority of
the names are the same by semantics and by its
structure as well. The fact that the French term
arome can have an equivalent in Russian terminology
such as aroma and aromatics is noticeable.
Extracts from the works of A. Belfer, A.
Rudnitsky, F. Antonievsky, O. Vainshtein, A.
Iliasov, A. Levinson are used in this article.

The article gives a distinct analysis
of gemstones names based on their source languages
and shapes. It also deals with semantic,
stylistic and semantic-stylistic synonyms. The
author examines the question of connotation.
Terms apart nominative, significative and denotative
meanings also have connotation (that
expresses emotionality, expressivity and figurativeness).
The examined material shows that
transference based on colour, shape and shades
is the main way to express connotation.

This article is devoted to evaluative
semantics of the common gender nouns.
These nouns are divided into negative evaluative
and positive evaluative ones with different
expressive shades. The means of evaluation,
especially semantic ones, are being analyzed in
the article. The word-formative affixes and the
context surrounding are considered to be the
additional measures of evaluation.

The article analyses the ways of
modern literary criticism development, stresses
the value of studying the history of literary
criticism as a special branch of liberal arts. The
author makes a survey of the current trends of
literary criticism. The article highlights the
prospects of studying the history of literary
criticism in higher school and its use for young
scientists training. The author raises a question
if it is necessary to update the concept of
literary criticism, putting first the consideration
of writers personality. The article highlights
the primordial interaction of literature,
literary criticism and culture in its entirety.

Apocalypse (Revelation of St. John
the Devine) has always attracted Russian poets,
but the poetic interpretations of its chapters
and episodes as well as the philological analysis
of the texts on the basis of Christian tradition
can be seldom found. The article shows аn original
poetic interpretation of the episode of chapter
6 of Revelation (horsemen of Apocalypse)
made by K. Kinchev (a poem «Vsadnik»). The
author comes to conclusion that Kinchevs text
is a kind of modern interpretation of biblical
text addressed to youth and having such style.

The article presents a comparative
analysis of the three Russian translations of W.
Wordsworths ballad «We are Seven» (1798),
created by I.I. Kozlov, E.K. ,
Ya.K. Grot in the 1830 - 1840-s. Noting the
tendency of all Russian translators to adapt the
English poets original to the Russian reality,
the authors of the article at the same time come
to the conclusion that only Kozlov was successful
while recreating the inner atmosphere of
the English original as full as possible; Korshs
interpretation is characterized by extraneous
to the spirit of the original literary details added
at the translators own choosing and Grots
children-oriented translation - by selective
choice of lexical and grammatical means.

This article uncovers distinguishing
features of creative style of V. Bryusov on
a poem «The Futures Huns». Research of the
present with its apocalyptic moods is actual
enough for symbolist Bryusov. To express his
position the poet traditionally searches for expressive
parallels and images far back in the
past to describe more vividly a portrait of the
future and in order that a reader himself could
see historical coincidence and feel the stream
of time. Before a reader there are the images of
two epoch having bright portrait personification,
and the portrait is given not through the
list of details, but through action descriptions.

The article is devoted to Saltykov-
Shchedrin΄s attitude towards young people,
who took part in the democratic movement of
the 1860-1870-s. The problems of the ways of
national development, of the creation of social
novel, the searches of the modern hero were connected
for the satirist with the young Russia.
The writer defended the idea of the new generation,
aspiring to the individual and social freedom,
to the reorganisation of Russian reality.
Saltykov-Shchedrin understood, that political
atmosphere 1860-1870-s was unfavourable for
the young democrats. The satirist, as his oldest
contemporary Hertsen, believed that the future
of Russia was connected with these young men,
but sharply criticized the extremes of their
movement.

The article focuses on the methology
and methods of studying Russian literary texts.
The researcher determines the stable features
of the artistic method of the Orthodox realism.
M. Voloshins poetry is the example under study
both the rules of following the authors creative
thinking and misrepresentation of the semantic
depth are analyzed. The researcher gives arguments
for the principle of presumption of Orthodox
semantics in interpretation (on ideas) of
classic Russian literature. He marks out the criteria
which help to consider this or that work to
belong to Christian realism.

Article is addressed to research of
questions of poetics of a literary genre «pilgrim
travel» and studies a role of the art description
in structure of the «Text of the pilgrim». The
analysis of the book of A. Mouravjev author
«Travel to the Sacred Earth in 1830» (1832) (on
an example of some fragments), proves that use
of various types of religious verbal descriptions
gave the chance to the author to create the full
artistic image in which the beauty of the visible
world and understanding of its spiritually-religious,
sacral sense incorporate.

The article considers the comparison
of Lermontovs works, which were published
in Otechestvennye zapiski magazine
in 1839-1841, and other publications of that
period. This comparison reveals resemblance of
themes and problems, such as: the personality
of creator, purpose and meaning of human life,
destiny and free will. The author states that Lermontovs
decision of these problems was original.
The research describes several approaches
of the characters portrayal: from eminent and
tragic romantic character to the satirical description
of man of fashion. But Lermontovs
works do not fully fit this classification, because
he unites both ways of portrayal, placing
his tragic character inside the fashion life.

The problem of the influence of other
national literary traditions on the emergence
and formation of Russian literature of Yakutia
is being discussed in the article. In the case of
N. Neustroev prose is revealed the impact of M.
Gorky's works on the Yakut writers, which is
reflected in the general humanistic attitude to
life, understanding the essence of the new man,
in the ability to link the life of the individual
with the time scale. The first Yakutia writers
works were largely developed under the direct
influence of M. Gorky, the ideological and thematic
orientation of creativity proved to be particularly
close, recognizable, and the art form
more accessible.

The descendant of the great rhetoricians
and the last classic of the poetry of the
late middle Ages, Charles d'Orleans was a skillful
master of allegory and metaphor. In his adherence
to the capacious, conceptually concentrated
genre of the Rondeau, the poet was able
to express a broad spectre of images. The article
presents a study of the structure of the Rondeau
in terms of form and content. So the main
topic of this work is the "round-type" layout of
the genre, which corresponds to an allegory of
Fortuna. Charles d'Orleans is a remarkable example
when the personified image of Fortuna is
compared either with the wheel of fate or with
the changeability of the moon. The juxtaposition
of compelled submission to fate with resist
ance to it form the main focus of the dramatic
conflict in Charles d'Orleans' Rondeau.

The author analyses a number of
poems written by the leading representatives
of the main literary trends in the poetry of the
Silver Age and shows the development of the
Scythian theme within the framework of symbolism,
acmeism and futurism. The article focuses
on philosophical and esthetic reasons due
to which there was a shift in the handling of
Scythianism (skifstvo) from treating it as a
historical fact to poetizing the Scythians as a
spiritual phenomenon that led to the origin of
the literary group The Scythians (1917). The
researcher comes to the conclusion about the
existence of the so-called Scythian text in the
Russian literature and points out its determining
features and above-esthetic nature.