The article is devoted to the consideration
of a category of reproduction and the analysis of linguistic
mechanisms of reproduction in Russian language. The article
presents the study of the category of reproduction as
the quality of the regular repitition of the unit, retrieved from
memory and ready for use. The author of the article also describes
the factors of reproduction of the syntactical pattern
and analyzes structural factors (primarily syntactical), which
determine reproduction of binary coordination constructions
in the simple sentence.

The article deals with the formation of lexical
and semantic relations between the parent and derivative
bases of lexical units of fi ction text. A comparison between
the semantic volumes of the words пустыня and пустынный
in Pushkins fi ction demonstrated the creative work done by
the writer on the language and on its expressive potential.
The article is intended for students and postgraduates studying
Pushkins artistic space.

We consider gerunds and adverbial participles
which have a function of secondary predicate and denote an
action accompanying an action of a verbal predicate. From
the point of view of expression of different time nuances, a
gerund action may be represented as simultaneous with verbal
action, or preceding or consequent with respect to a verbal
action. We pick out the following kinds of constructions,
where the main and secondary actions are represented as
simultaneous: 1) the main and secondary actions are parallel
and almost independent from each other; 2) the main and
secondary actions constitute one complicated action or an action
is a part of another one.

A literary text not only personifi es the authors
view on the world but also represents the specifi c national culture.
The images of nature which are the essential part of the
Russian classics contribute to it a lot. The article deals with
the role of landscape in a literary text. The author explains
the concept landscape text unit, and on the material of the
carried out study suggests such principles of landscape unit
classifi cation as a semantic, a grammatical and a functional
ones.

The given article touches upon the cognitive
grounds of nominations of young people in Slavic languages
(mainly in Russian and Czech languages). The history of
agents denoting young people is observed, beginning with
the proto-Slavonic period up to the present day, the models of
their motivation are described as well as their main semantic
transformations, conditioned by the peculiarities of Russian
and Czech linguistic cultures, stereotype character of neologisms,
based on the different, culturally important images.

In this article the role of a copular and a nominal
component in formation of semantics of a predicate is analyzed.
The copular specifi es character of the cogitative operation
underlying predication. A copulative verbs (называться,
именоваться, зваться) form sentences of nomination identities.
The cases of complication of meaning of a nomination by
estimation and characterization are considered in the article.
The role of lexical meaning of a nominal component, its grammatical,
word-formation semantics, and also meaning of form
(the instrumental or the nominative case) in this connection
come to light. The connection between case and the form is
observed: the form of instrumental case is connected with
meaning of estimation or characterization, and the form of the
nominative case - with actual meaning of nomination.

The article deals with special features of the
morpheme boundary representation depending on internal or
external form reference of the word morphological structure.
Analyzing different levels of the words sound form, the author
points out deep and surface border marks, determines the
difference between the prefi x and the suffi x boundaries, associated
with the position of morphemes on the scale lexical /
grammatical. Boundary signals are discussed at the phonetic,
phonemic and morphemic levels.

The category of identity in the Russian language
is realized in constructions that have a specifi c structure, performance,
semantics. Identical may be subjects and objects,
actions, attributes, circumstances, that is all that is the object
of speech. This article discusses the semantic variants
of constructions of identity of action produced by one person.
The author examines the following values: the identity
of present and past actions, the simultaneity of the actions
of one person, the identity of the actions, which lead to one
result, the identity of modal plan - possibility or impossibility,
need for the accomplishment of action, the identity of the
indirect objects, which are either affected or not by the action
of single person, the identity of the circumstances, in which
an actions is taken.

The article deals with the typological analysis
of zoomorphic phraseological units that characterize a human
in linguistic-cultural aspect in Mongolian and Russian
languages. The author made an attempt to clarify the lexical
semantics of animals names on the examples the following
subgroups of proverbs, characterizing a human: moral and
social qualities, peculiarities of work activity. The analysis
of the material helped to identify the signifi cant similarity of
zoomorphic phraseological units that characterize a human in
languages considered by us.

This article characterizes the regulative directive
acts, determines the communicative roles of the interlocutors,
identifi es the characteristics of regulative request as the type
of directive acts: benefactiveness of stimulated action is
directed at all members of the group, non-obligatoriness of the
implementation of the stimulated action, the inclusion of the
vocabulary with the request semantics into the utterance. This
article also reveals the linguistic means, that are characteristic
of the regulative request, and justifi es the principal function of
these types of inducement - the function of infl uence.

Using the example of the speech implementations
of the State Duma deputy Aleksey Ivanovich Lebed we
will take an effort of a comparative description of the temperament
features of the politician in the aspect of the characteristic
of the specifi cs of his speech effect. We will defi ne the
specifi cs of the temperament with the help of the tests which
have been fi lled in by A. I. Lebed.
As a characteristic of speech infl uence of the politician
we will analyze the usage by the politician such means of
expressions as fi gures of speech. Filling in the tests and the
publication of the analyzed speeches A.I. Lebed belong to the
same time period - January 2011.
As a result, we will prove a direct relationship between
specifi c of the temperament of the politician and his verbal
expression.

This article deals with the problem of forming
phrases with adnominal genitive. The article consistently substantiated
a new look at the phrases as a special category
of functional communicative syntax in the light of traditional
functions of the cases, adnominal genitive in particular as a
special case in the Russian case system; set the tasks to decribe
the system of nominal phrases; proved the need to bring
a comparative material for studying phrase with adnominal
genitive case within the functional-communicative linguisticdidactic
language model.

The article reconstructs the quality of phoneme
<ě> in Shenkursk dialect of the 17th century. To determine
the sound in place of ancient *ě materials from the business
manuscripts are presented and compared with dialect recordings
of the 20th century. Then, to determine the start time
of disappearing of phoneme <ě>, the results are compared
with the material on phoneme <ô>, obtained from the same
manuscripts. It turns out that <ě> was a separate phoneme
in Shenkursk dialect of the 17th century and that it started to
disappear later.

The article deals with the semantic meaning and
linguistic origin of Italian borrowings in the Russian language.
Under the infl uence of inner and outer reasons the meaning of
some of them could change (conservatoire, lipstick), enlarge,
depending on the area of usage (lemon, paste, parapet, cash
desk), or be lost (barracks, banquet). The vocabulary entries
of etymological and explanatory dictionaries are compared
and analysed in the process of studying the origin of Italian
borrowings. Consequently, their semantic activity reveals itself,
i.e. the majority of the studied words have the semantics
enlarged in proportion to their activity in different communicative
areas.

This article analyses the lexical-semantic variants
of the lexeme mirror in the novel Heart of a Dog by
M. Bulgakov. Its interior form is connected with the content
of the denoted cultural information, which has a well-known
amount of the ideas, associations, believes. In the article the
lexeme mirror is considered as a multifunctional symbol in
its linguistic-cultural meaning. On the basis of the novel its
interpretation is given, the role in the ideological and artistic,
and emotional perspective is revealed.

This article considers synonyms, used for interpreting
the meaning of new loan words in the 18th century
(mainly of Polish origin). The research is based on the texts
of Russian travelers diaries, written at the turn of the 18th
and the 19th centuries. These texts are important linguistic
sources for the historical investigation of Russian lexis, as
their language includes a substantial number of new words.
The meaning of new lexical units is compared with that of
The General Polish Dictionary by K. Kondratovich (1775).
The changes in lexicography, determined by functioning of
borrowed words in the context of diaries, are examined.

The article deals with the terminology and ritual
use of the bread in the Kuban wedding ceremony on the
background of the kindred traditions. The comparison allows
to fi nd out the starting basis of Ukrainian ritual, the elements
borrowed from the other cultural traditions and to discover
new elements in the Kuban ritual. The investigation is based
on the narrations of the informants from the village Chernoerkovskaya
of Slavyansk region. The study of the rite on
the material of one settlement helps to avoid random sample
of objects for analysis and allows to implement the systems
principle.

The paper is devoted to the cases of epithets
using in the business writing on the example of the manifests
in the 18th century; both the occurrences of this means of
expression and features of the semantics of its constituent
lexemes were analyzed. Basing on the parsing of acts of the
mid 18th century and in comparison with later documents, it
is shown that in this period the characteristic feature of this
genre of business writing was a combination of record keeping
rules and regulations with the individual-author features of the
language

The author of the article studies parallels between
works of N. Karamzin and M Lermontov written in
1837-1841. Karamzins poetry and prose became one of
the genetic sources of Lermontovs sentiments in the Russian
romanticism of the fi rst half of 19th century. Karamzins
breadth and diversity of artistic views facilitated this process.
The fact that Lermontov deliberately attempted to follow Karamzins
artistic experience is proved in the article not only
by the analysis of the lyrical works of the poet but also by
the comparative study of the novel A Hero of Our Time and
the Karamzins novel The Knight of Our Time. The author
of the article comes to conclusions about the signifi cance of
Karamzins narrative for the spiritual and moral and artistic
pursuit of Lermontov.

The article deals with the works of M. Lermontov
- Mtsyri, Demon, A Hero of Our Time as the fi nal ones;
they are represented as a result of the whole creative work
of the writer during his lifetime, and are studied along with M.
Lermontovs last letters. The religious orphan theme echoed
with a very special artistic expression in his poem Mtsyri
(The Novice) as well as in the previous ones: Confession,
Boyar Orsha. By studying primarily the worldview of the
Russian genius, the author of the article comes to the conclusion
about Lermantovs manifest of the Christian fundamental
ethics.

In the article devoted to the novel We by E.
Zamyatin, its author analyzes through portrait descriptions
the image of the world, in which the eternal confl ict between
the nature and civilization reveals itself, and the image of the
human being, who becomes the main object of this struggle.
In the article the great attention is paid to the features of individual
style of E. Zamyatin, fi ne arts style stylization, cultural
saturation of images in the novel, role of portrait description
details.

The article deals with the comparison analysis
of the A. Shamisso`s poem «Salas y Gomez» with its Russian
interpretation, made by the well-known poet and translator
K.K. Pavlova. The authors of the article discovered that the
image system of the original is kept in the Russian translation,
which can be also characterised by the typical intention
to create the realistic atmosphere of the island in the Pacifi c
ocean where the character of Robinson lived for a while. But
the translator differently interprets the topic of loneliness and
represents important for Shamisso images of the cross, the
star, and numeric symbolic system

Saltykov-Shchedrin and Dostoevsky solved
the problem of the childhood in connection with the dramatic
refl ections of the destiny of Russia, of the family and selfrealization
of the personality. Their poetic and philosophical
conceptions of the childhood were kindred. The writers felt
deep anxiety about the child in the modern world, showed the
danger of the spiritual indifference, cynicism, preponderance
of material interests. The main aim for Saltykov-Shchedrin
consisted in the forming the person, aspired to the common
good. Dostoevsky put forward spiritual-moralistic, Christian
education of children, as the stable basis in life

The article deals with a new view of the role
of ekphrasis in Russian literature. The contemplation of the
movement of the material symbols opens the movement
of spiritual reality, and through it the purpose of this movement,
i.e. disclosure of the divine plan contained in logoi.
The traditions of Russian ekphrasis the sources of which
come from ancient pilgrim stories and are developed in the
pilgrim literature, fi nd their continuation in numerous descriptions
of temples, icons, temple actions, pictures, architectural
constructions, museums, exhibitions which can be found in
N.Fedorovas texts.

Works of Yesenin reveal the national mind of
the Russian people. The temporal spread of his work represents
the consecutive change in expression of his poetical
me forms: from humble monk, The Third Testament
prophet, romantic rebel, poet-bully, to 20th century Pushkin,
and it is in these traits that Yesenins lyrical hero fi nds his
national character.
The national distinctiveness of the Russian people is a
result of the ambivalence of its soul, which determines the
evolution of the lyrical hero, who traversed the path from being
a devoted orthodox by walking away from his beliefs, to
fi nally coming back to his original beliefs, but at a higher level
of its understanding and practice. The lyrical hero of Yesenin
incarnates the meditativeness and wisdom of the people, their
eschatological and messianic consciousness, their clerical
mentality, their thirst for further spiritual enlightment. Clemency,
tenderness, honesty, and spontaneity are his distinctive
character traits.

The article considers the peculiarities of the
authors view in the novel Bridgehead and provides the
analysis of human behavior in the tragic situation of the military
confrontation. Inhumanity, irregularity, the senselessness of
war Astafyev opposes to the inviolability of the world. Writers
thought about the price of the victory, which was paid by the
people in the Great Patriotic War, is permeated by the tragedy.
Including religious and philosophical aspects to the authors
meanings and images, V. Astafyev creates his vision of the
tragic, and continues the traditional ideas of Christian ethics.

The work deals with the plot and the composition
features of social realistic literature. The analysis is based
on description of themes which are signifi cant for the social
realistic novel, and the lexicon which makes a verbal series
of given themes. Social realism is considered as not merely
aesthetic doctrine, but as a diffi cult cultural and ideological
complex. The author comes to the conclusion that social realistic
style is not only a kind of expression, but also a special
mentality. Specifi city of culture of socialist realism, ideological
and ethical content frameworks of the social realistic works
are defi ned in the article.

M. Prishvins Diary personifi es idea of creativity
of the life, connected with the peculiarity of writers perception
of time. The relation to the time in Prishvins Diary comes to
light through comparison to tradition of a modernism in the
West European literature (M. Proust, J. Joyce). Similar comparison
reveals the similarity and distinction: collecting of the
personal beginning in time in Prousts and Joyces creativity
is connected with idea of the fi nding your own self, in the diary
of Prishvin the idea of bringing the personal beginning in
movement of the life, spiritualizing it and changing, is a way of
search of hailstones of Kitezh, collecting of a new community
of the rescued, changed beings

The article describes the development of the
tale in the Yakut literature from 1920s to 1990s. This tale has
undergone considerable changes: with the fi rst attempts at
concuer this genre, where the main issues were the revolutionary
struggle, the struggle for a new society to the story,
where the focus is on the philosophical, social-psychological
problems of the modern society. Yakut tale, on one hand,
went a thorny path of becoming a genre, on the other, - was
enriched by genre variety and means of artistic poetics. Tale
of the present stage is in the center of genre and style of
Yakut literature searches

On the material of poetic works by I. Coolbrith
and Ch. W. Stoddard we considered the issue of the representation
features of spiritual and philosophical experiences
in their poems. It was shown that, despite the widespread
opinion according to which local color authors subject range
is usually limited to the regional myth interpretation and the
landscape lyric, the local color poetry of the USA Far West
included quite a few works devoted to the manifestations of
human psychic life. We concluded that spiritual and philosophical
poems of indicated authors differ in many criteria but
they are united by aspiration display to good and beauty, and
also faith in a better future.

The book of reminiscences by V.Yanovskiy Les
Champs-Élysées comprises the series of the memoirs of
them in exile of the fi rst wave. The author reproduces the
emigrant atmosphere in Paris in 1930-40s. He creates the
special genre of literary portraits. This is one of the most detailed
and substantial reminiscences about Russian emigrant
live. The abundance of facts and persons require more exact
defi nition, as this is a signifi cant feature of the prevailing role
of the author, who is often an acting person, and this also indicates
the genre peculiarities of an autobiography. The saturation
with witty observations, expressive, precise and contrasting
style of the author set the tone of the book, however, they
do not specify his preferences. Large-scale essay that vividly
conveys the boil of emigrant life.

The article submits a motif analysis of the short
story cycle by John Steinbeck «The Red Pony». The motif of
death is put forth as a central composite element, determining
the integrity of the cycle. «The Gift», «The Great Mountains»
and «The Promise», being part of the cycle, are surveyed as
components of a multicomponent unity. The named motif, as
the basis for unifi cation of these components in a comprehensive
whole, admits a new interpretation in each novella,
as well as facilitates the holistic elaboration on the chief cycle
theme - a childs comprehension of the world.