This article discusses the current problems of the orthoepic accuracy of professional legal speech. The subject of the research is the linguistic phenomena that illustrate both normative and professional aspects of the Russian language. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to show the relationship of professional speech and literary norms, which must be followed by lawyers. Authors, using empirical research methods, consider the history of the language norm and the mechanisms of modern language codification. The article concludes that the attitude to the language norm in the legal profession should be as strict and principled as to the rule of law.

The article is devoted to the description of impersonal constructions which express the modal meaning of thoughtlessness and involuntariness of action. Impersonal modal verbs are distinguished in constructions with the specified semantics. The description of structural features is given. Means of strengthening and specification of thе meaning of thoughtlessness and involuntariness of action in impersonal constructions are revealed. The conclusion is made about the high activity of the use of such constructions in the Russian language. The theoretical significance of the article lies in the fact that the little-researched impersonal constructions with the modal meaning of the thoughtlessness and involuntariness of the action are analyzed. The practical significance of the work lies in the textual analysis of the classical and the literature that realize the use of impersonal constructions with a modal meaning of the rashness and involuntariness of action. The article is addressed to philologists who research the current state of the Russian language.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the representation of the pattern of a “laughing” person, exemplified in the meanings of the words that belong to the synonymic group with a dominant member of a joker. The study was conducted within the framework of the integral description of the language, with the usage of the methods of semasiological and discursive analysis. It is noted that the results of semantic studies of the Russian scientists, which are becoming increasingly popular in the Chinese linguistics, can be embodied into the process of teaching Russian as a foreign language to the future Chinese teachers and interpreters of the Russian language.

The article deals with usual and occasional euphemisms in modern Russian speech. The article describes different ways of formation of euphemisms and special features of their usage in colloquial speech, formal speech and sociopolitical context. The article covers the usage of phraseological units as euphemisms. The issue of idiomatic nature of multicomponent euphemisms is brought up; different factors that have an influence on euphemisms becoming set expressions are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the idiomatisation of fixed structures. The article illustrates phraseologisation of grammatical structures for pragmatic purposes and shows their usage as euphemisms.

One of the most difficult issues of aspectology is the study of the form of the verb categories and methods of verbal action, as well as establishing relationships gradation in the grammatical system of the verbal expression. In the course of the analysis, we should turn to the theory of “degrees”, as it makes it possible to broadly describe the lexical and grammatical features of the verb, to consider the system of aspect formation, to reveal qualitatively-characterizing differences between aspects’ meaning and methods of verbal action. The theory of “degrees” is an original attempt to comprehend the “qualitative” nature of the form of the Russian verb and proves the borderline, “hybrid” nature of an aspect formation. These meanings in the verb system are realized by using a variety of affixes. These forms are the modes of transmission of the subjective gradual evaluation of an action.

The purpose of the article is to research the history of origin and usage of the expression academic staff. The main content of the study is the analysis of the sources in which this nominative unit is presented presumably for the first time. It is concluded that the combination academic staff became part of the Russian language in the 20s of the 20th century as a steady expression. Later the expression academic staff became spread actively outside the formal business style in which it was born. The article analyzes the distribution of previously little-researched official cliché the academic staff.

This article is devoted to the linguo-cognitive method study of the metaphors from the “inanimate Nature” resource sphere that function in A. Solzhenitsyn’s public works. Frames and slots were described that organize the following metaphoric model: “The life of society is an inanimate nature world”; principles of the metaphoric representation of the world by A. Solzhenitsyn and distinctness of the cognitive and pragmatic nature of the author’s metaphoric units were revealed. The analysis of the metaphoric model dominant in the author’s idiostyle showed that the figurative component of a statement is often based on the idea of movement, which is related to the author’s perception of the world. A. Solzhenitsyn interprets situations with the help of metaphors and evaluates them emotionally, creates holistic pictures of social life, and convinces the reader (listener) that he is right.

This article deals with the influence of the philosophy of rationalism on humanitarian knowledge in the 17th century, when philology and history were shaped as modern disciplines. This process occurred largely due to the spread of the critical method. In this regard, the works by Jean Mabillon are of particular interest because this “Benedictine erudite” laid the foundations of the systematic study of medieval monuments due to which it became possible to state the authenticity of documents by using objective criteria. In Mabillon’s writings, rationalism manifests itself not only in research methods but also in concepts.

This work reviews the specifics of the poetic creativity of the Far Eastern poet Stepan Petrovich Komarov. For the analysis of the poetic chronotope, a new terminological aspect of consideration is proposed: “poetic topography”. It is shown that geographical realities and toponymy become the means for creating the poetic space of the Far East. Particular attention is paid to toponymy as a tool for translating the historical perspective; toponyms in the poetic text served to create realistic, mythopoetic and symbolic images.

The article analyzes the criminal plot in the story of F. Dostoevsky “Mistress” and reveals the occupation of Ilya Murin - one of the most mysterious characters of early Dostoevsky. In understanding the problem of sectarianism, Dostoevsky focuses on the problem of the permissiveness of the sect leader, which inevitably leads to crime. The article is intended not only for philologists but also for religious scholars, historians, lawyers, as well as anyone interested in the Russian classics, the history of religions and the history of law.

Аbstract. The problem of a character as a spokesman of the contradictions of the revolutionary era, as a bearer of a myth, of the great social utopia - justice, equality and fraternity - remains important for historians and literary scholars. The article examines the typology of a character basing on the analysis of representative novels about the revolution of 1789: “Joseph Balsamo” by A. Dumas, “Quatrevingt-treize” by V. Hugo, “Les Dieux ont soif»” by A. France. The aim is to reveal the typological kinship of the main characters that embodied the central opposition of Good and Evil, Violence and Mercy in the historical and literary discourse of the depicted era. The authors of the article analyse the metamorphoses which happen to the humanistic ideals when they meet the real life. Historical and fictional characters are tested by History. In each of the novels there is the image of the Revolution, “devouring its children”, the heroic and tragic, which includes the elements of desacralization of the myth.

The article aims to analyze the aesthetic views of W. Pater. The degree of scrutiny of “paterology” is shown; a general description of the works and a sketch of the life and work of the author are given; his aesthetic views are highlighted. The methodology used is based on a historical and literary approach. At the end of the study, the author concludes that Pater’s innovation was manifested in upholding the subjective beginnings of creativity and the process of artistic perception, and also defines the boundaries of the author’s influence on the future of literature.

The purpose of the study is to clarify how Dostoevsky and Gorky understand “adult” emotions of a child, and what are the similarities and differences between interpretations by the two writers. The paper analyzes the characteristics of the reception of child psychology by Dostoevsky and Gorky, the specifics of understanding children’s perception of adults and the two-way communication between the child and the adult. Conclusions are made about the deliberate simplicity and irony of Gorky’s narration in comparison with the complicated emotionality of the story by Dostoevsky, and also that these are two different ways to draw the reader’s attention to children’s mental drama.