The author of the article emphasizes the necessity of strict differentiation of kinds of manipulation in linguistic works. In this regard, one can distinguish manipulation at the language level (properties of language units are investigated and assessed); the discourse manipulation (orientation of types of discourse to a proof, a persuasion or a suggestion is investigated); and the rhetorical manipulation (it is investigated, whether the speaker had a conscious intention to mislead the recipient or not).

Extralinguistic basis of coordinating construction is the set and its elements. But they are also present in non-coordinating constructions, for example, in sentences with the word "опять". Therefore, between the above-mentioned constructions there is the linguistic similarity too: the emphasis on a part of the sentence; the semantic connection between two concepts or representations; the participation of background knowledge or presupposition; the similarity to constructions with conjunction «то...то»; the affirmative character; the repetition of words.

The participial constructions with comparative conjunction particles are analyzed in the article. These conjunction particles are closely related to the category of modality. They may express a doubt about reliability of something, conventionality, imaginary, illusory character of something, assumption, guess on possibility, probability of an event. Invariant semantics of these values is the semantics of «uncertainty» (doubt).

The article is devoted to a specific nature of linguistic concepts of the Russian hagiography. The anthropocentric nature of these concepts from the standpoint of the Orthodox anthropology is proved. In the process of reasoning the author establishes that hagiographic concepts can be analyzed bidirectionally: as an indicator of the external life and as an indicator of the internal life. In particular, author mentions the concepts Will, Humility, Obedience, which are related to the spiritual concepts and have a high value in the linguistic consciousness of the Orthodox, Christ-centred in nature.

The article is devoted to the analysis of functioning of exotic lexical units in the modern business category, the author defines the status of exotic words in linguistic research, reveals specific features of exotic words, and analyzes causes and purposes of using of exotic words in Russian ergonymics. Ergonyms, including exotic words, are created for commercial objects, connected with facts of non-Russian reality, for the expression of specific national colour. Active using of foreign borrowings, particularly exotic words, has a good effect on Russian ergonymics's development, extending its language and gaming abilities, promoting enrichment of its structure.

The article deals with the theoretical and linguistic-cultural aspects of the phytonymic vocabulary. The theoretical aspect defines semantics of the terms «phytonym», «phytonymy», «phytonymic vocabulary» and justifies the usage of these terms in linguistic literature. The article also dwells on existing since 19th century linguistic-cultural research of phytonymic vocabulary and summarizes the experience of modern theories.

In the present article the author considers the dynamics of the existing modern youth nicknames, active informal identifiers and indicators of the «nickname consciousness» of a person, on an example of functioning of the nicknames of Smolensk inhabitants from different age-groups. For the first time the live actual material is entered into a scientific turn collected by a method of special survey, and now it allows to show, how in a chain «kindergarten» - «school» - «college» - «university» the structure of nicknames and their role as special excretory linguistic signs in communications change.

The paper is devoted to semantic-stylistic processes related to metaphorical reinterpretation of language signs at the turn of 20th-21st centuries. Metaphorization, determinologization and terminologization of bookish and neutral units are considered on the material of the modern media. Data of lexicographic sources of different historical periods and the peculiarities of lexical items in modern newspaper and journal texts are used in the description of the semantic and stylistic transformations of words. Bookish vocabulary performs important functions in journalistic discourse. It provides the semantic information about the phenomena of the external world. Metaphorical reinterpretation of the bookish words makes the language of journalistic text bright, imaginative, expressive, and therefore able to effectively influence the general reader.

The article deals with the result of the genre modifications of ballad, connected with the special features of the aesthetical guidelines typical of German romantics. The attention of the author is focuses on plots, motives, descriptive system of the ballads of the German poets of 19th century, which provide continuity of the ballads of German enlighteners, G.A.Bürger and J.W.Goethe in particular.

The article observes how the image of space reveals the nature and outlook of the protagonist. Obermann in his dissatisfaction with the present goes from rest to motion - and vice versa. The first state corresponds to the image of the house, behind which the idea of the perfect place for writing is fixed in the character's mind, the second one is related to the journey: moving in space in Senacour's artistic world is related with the movement of Obermann's thought, his spiritual search. Oberman's drama, who had lost his faith in everything and had never reached the silence, is read as «spatial drama,» a drama dealing with the space. Particular attention is paid to the image of the emptiness, that marks the ideological dominant of the novel and largely determines its narrative structure.

At the end of the 20th century, there was a keen demand for fantasy fiction which led to many epigones deriving their writing from several classic fantasy novels. Some of the works by a British author Diana Wynne Jones can be regarded as a response to this process, while in her writing she caricatured many fantasy clichés. Thus, in her ironic novel Dark Lord of Derkholm she gave a brand new interpretation of the common tropes of popular fantasy subgenres.

The article deals with spatio-temporal images which have unique «geographical» characteristics in the tale «Moidodyr» by K. Chukovsky. The author makes analysis of symbolics of the toponymic circle in which the protagonist moves on in the tale, in comparison with Raskolnikov's «route» in the novel «Crime and Punishment» by F. Dostoevsky. The recurrence of the characters through previously trailed path to a specific geographic location is the route of «transformation» from «gryaznulya (dirty boy) to chistyulya (neatnik)» in the poem by Chukovsky, and the path from sin to repentance in Dostoevsky's novel. On the other hand, the model of the «departure - escape - the recurrence» is associated with «rite of initiation» in the Russian folk tales described by V. Propp. From this perspective, the article also considers another character - Crocodile that in the world mythology, especially Egyptian, performs an important role in the rite of initiation.
Thus, in quasi-realistic space in the tale the main character goes along the way of transformation, according to the cannons of folk tales, described by V. Propp, on the one hand, and on the other - in accordance to the Egyptian mythology, in which one of the functions of the Crocodile is the function of the hero's regeneration.

V. Odoyevsky is traditionally considered as a representative of philosophical romanticism, because it is thoughts and ideas that are the basis of his artistic images. Odoyevsky had a complex, synthetic, sometimes ambivalent ideology that is excellently emphasized by a variety of interpretations of his philosophy in the national literary criticism. The presence of different, even contradictory interpretations of views of the writer makes an interesting object of study of not only the philosophical and religious views of Odoyevsky as such, but also of their understanding in different historical epochs.

The article is devoted to one of the least studied themes in the present "tsvetaevedenie" - early lyric poetry of the poetess. In this article the image of mother is considered on the material of the first two Tsvetaeva's collections - «Evening Album» (1910) and «Magic Lantern» (1912). Much attention is paid to the variety of psychological states of a lyrical character, who experienced loss of mother in early childhood and recreated her image in memory. This study shows that the image of the mother becomes a kind of emotional «tuning fork» of the two books. Sequential analysis of several poems in two collections leads to the conclusion that without addressing the image of the mother, it is impossible to understand the uniqueness of the philosophical and aesthetic views of M. Tsvetaeva, which formed the basis of her early work.