The article is devoted to the identifi cation of
communicative and cognitive potential of specifi c text elements
in the Russian absurd drama of the twentieth century,
involved in the formation of the absurd: the fragmentary repetition,
insert elements, intertextual inclusions, metatext elements,
fragments, describing the involvement of the audience
in the action on stage. The study suggests that in the process
of creating such texts the author implements a specifi c communicative
speech strategy, using for that appropriate tactics.
Consequently, communicative and cognitive potential of the
considered text elements is signifi cant and is effectively used
in the authors discursive practice

Basing on the novel by F. Dostoevsky The
Brothers Karamazov the author studies some of the features
of narration, that come from narrators characteristics: he
points to the limited knowledge in the evaluation of characters
actions.
The narrative unfolds through the prism of the narrators
uncertainty, the image itself appears as a smooth transition
from one description to another, and thus the same situation
is perceived and evaluated differently, so uncertain gains clarity
and certainty

Every nation has its own, unique linguistic view
of the world. It refl ects mentality, culture, and world perception
of the nation. It is actualized in full in folk literature which
accumulates the peoples experience and notion of the world.
Proverbs and fairy-tales are the source of historic language
memory, and the knowledge of symbolic meaning of natural
reality which is verbalized in landscape text units. The landscape
text unit appears to be a functionally relevant element
in the structure of a folk text

The paper deals with the analysis of a text
episode from a judicial defensive speech by a lawyer S. Andreevsky
as an informational text, which is based on causeand-
effect relations. The causality is considered as a logical
aspect, which consists of three elements: cause, causal
action and consequence. The logical-grammatical relations
develop as cause-and-effect ones within the limits of information
model, in which sequence of certain events of past,
present and future is shown. The offered model image of the
defensive speech helps to restore the main meaning of the
text, its basic structural-semantic relations and represent the
development of text information.

In some cases, homonymous of a statement is
either conceived in order to create a subtext, or used for the
collision of several meanings. These verbal strategies bring
an element of synthosemy into a sentence, making its content
multi-layered. Addressing the same phrase to different audiences,
the speaker creates speech fragments that belong
to the same text, but sum up different discourses. Being a
means of the irrational development of the world, synthosemy
is also a method of hiding the meaning from the uninitiated

In modern Russian linguistics there is a common
view that the numeral paradigm is undergoing simplifi cation
and destruction to the point of complete loss of functional
forms. This is considered as a result of a general tendency
towards analytical patterns. But the linguistic data supporting
the claims about the expansion of the nominative (an
increasing number of the nominative instead of other case
forms) with numerals are quite diverse and do not allow admitting
serious morphological changes, which, in the authors
opinion, refl ects the peculiarities of spoken language, syntactical
position, elimination of redundancy of compound numerals,
reading diffi culties of numerical units, etc.

The article deals with mechanisms of interaction
of complex epithet as one of the central units of a text
with other means of expressiveness (of phonetical, lexical,
syntactical levels). The author analyzes the trope nature of
the composite, its functioning within context and its relation
with other means of expressiveness. The evolutional tendencies
in the area of usage of composite attributes in course of
developing of the Russian language are noted.

The category of identity in the Russian language
involves two semantic variants: the identity of object
to itself and the identity of various objects. The semantics
of object identity to itself is implemented in certain structural
and semantic variants, which are named and illustrated by
examples. The author examines the following values: value
of nomination, the qualifi cation of a person or an object, the
belonging to the specifi c class, the characterization through
the acquisition of specifi c properties, signs, the statement of
purpose, task, motive, condition, result, the characteristic of
person through his activity, the generalization of homogeneous
concepts, bringing objects under the ancestral, the value
of invariability, uniqueness, absence of the versions.

The article is devoted to faunistic vocabulary of
Mongolian and Russian languages in terms of their origin. In
particular, the author studies such wild and domestic animals
as a wolf, a bear, a deer, a dog. The author made an attempt
to identify the meaning of their derivative forms, to clarify the
etymology of the lexemes, as well as similarities and differences
between them. The close interrelations between faunal
vocabulary, and the nations history, mentality and ethnography
opens huge prospects for further study of this lexical
sub-system.

Basing on lexicographic sources the author
analyses praslavic nouns, namely agentives, that got colloquial
colouring in time, and identifi es the causes of these
changes. As a result of the analysis, the author concludes that
for praslavic nouns of all kinds of stylistic changes the most
characteristic is the transition to the lower category vocabulary.
This type of stylistic changes is shown as the refl ection
of an active and nowadays vivid process of the lowering of
the literary language in general.

The article is devoted to specifi c features of
functioning of legal metaphor, as a part of a lingual personalitys
thesaurus, within an individual lexicon. The legal metaphor
hereinafter is presumed as a word combination, initiated
by verbal intellectual process of the individual, which may
include lexeme item/items of the juridical discourse of the
professional legal language together with the common used
words. Legal metaphor is one of basic models of an individuals
professional knowledge.

Basing on lexicographic sources the author of
the article researches the the composition of the word-formative
family with the top leg in the modern Russian language
and Russian dialects in terms of motivation of its derivatives
by different lexical-semantic variants of the lexeme leg as
the top-polysemantic word. The derivational possibilities of
derivational productive meanings of the top-polysemantic
word and semantics of new lexemes, motivated by these
meanings, are considered in the paper. The analysis and
comparison groups of the derivative words make it possible
to reveal the reasons of most formative productivity of different
meanings of the polysemantic word.

The word-formative activity of the Russian language
itself becomes apparent in the process of borrowing.
The adaptation of many foreign borrowings takes several
stages, and among the Italian borrowings many words have
been assimilated in the language, and that can be shown by
the word-formative chains. At the same time one can observe
predominance of the suffi xal type of word formation. However,
at the beginning of the 21st century increased the stream
of new borrowings from different spheres of usage, which are
assimilated mainly from the phonetic point of view.
As a result of the analysis of the 20th-21st centuries borrowings
one can notice the predominance of words among
the nouns with Russian suffi xes, and less adjectives, verbs
and adverbs. The lexemes of the beginning of the 21st century
are mainly unassimilated.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the
common Russian norms and local features which refl ect in
regional business writing of the end of 18th century. The basic
attention is paid to the requisites in the form of various text
groups presented in the documents of Tsaritsyn city council.
The work shows the deviations from the accepted standards
and language formulas used in the clerical work with documents
due to its function, form and content.

The article deals with the features of the use
and the basic functions of book lexicon in modern media.
The attention is paid to their functional-stylistic coloring and
emotionally-expressional characteristic that are in close interrelation
with informatively-expressional component of journal
texts and that impact it to a great extent. The book lexicon
in publicist texts has an informative and impacting functions,
and quite often adds to the statements fi gurativeness and
expressiveness.

This scope of this paper is to identify those philosophical
categories that allow the analysis of the mechanisms
behind the linguistic norm concept. The key philosophical
notions that help to identify mechanisms of linguistics rules
are time and motion because applying these notions to the
analysis of the linguistic norm concept allows to completely
grasp the concept. Through the use of philosophical categories
of time and motion, linguists are able to establish the
relationship between the linguistic norm and other linguistic
concepts such as relationship between the norm and the system
and use, variation, the notion of linguistic taste, as well as
categories such as communication, discourse, and text.
Dynamic theory of norm, which helps to explain mechanisms
of the linguistic norm category, also involves these
philosophical concepts, because without their use it is impossible
to explain the statics and dynamics of this phenomenon.
Philosophical level of the linguistic norm category determines
the content of extralinguistic and linguistic levels of
linguistic norm.

This article deals with the social and political vocabulary
of the era of «developed socialism», the composition
which is determined by political-ideological, social-economic
and other extralinguistic factors. Special attention is paid to
the meaning and use of linguistic signs of the political vocabulary
that refl ected the fundamentals of the social and political
system of the USSR, and therefore were frequent in offi cial,
scientifi c, newspaper and journalistic texts.

The article is devoted to the building the nominative
fi eld of the concept sky basing on the material of the Russian
folk sayings. The author analyses the words associated
with the concept sky. The lexical meaning of the associated
words is compared to the characteristics of these words in
folk sayings. The construction of the nominative fi eld is made
according to the number of found words. The research helps
to describe peculiarities of perception of the observed celestial
bodies, visual events, and fi nally shows forecast-forming
characteristics of pointed out events.

The article is devoted to the research of the orthographical
views of V. Trediakovsky basing on the material
of the book The talk between a stranger and the Russian
about the ancient and new orthography and about everything
that belongs to it and letters of the author in the Russian
language. The object of the analysis is a morphological, phonetic
and traditional spelling which Trediakovsky used. In the
article the chosen works of Trediakovsky are for the fi rst time
analyzed and systematized according to three principles the
spelling. The carried out analysis of the remained letters and
the book The talk between a stranger and the Russian about
the ancient and new orthography...» proves discrepancy of
theoretical views of the writer in the fi eld of spelling of its practical
orthography.

This article deals with the dynamics of statements
about personality and creativity of N. Karamzin from
the fi rst contemporary appraisals to the works of the late 20th
- early 21st century. The author examines the positions of
the cultural-historical school, formal school of beginning of the
20th century, Semiotic school, and others; and this reveals the
role that the N. Karamzins works had played for the formation
of the Russian science of literature. The study of Karamzins
works (as well as those of Pushkin, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy
and others) for today can be considered as an independent
branch of Russian culture, which requires a separate study.
The reception of works of Russian classic writer is inscribed
in the article in a broad historical and literary, historical and
cultural context of the era, the paper rises the problems of
further research of the history of Russian and foreign study of
Karamzins works.

The article is devoted to the key issue of slavophile
essays of 1830-1850s, to the question of the integrity
of the human knowledge, integrity of life itself. In the centre
of authors attention is the controversy between the founders
of slavophilism I. Kireyevsky and A. Khomyakov. Started
in 1839, the exchange of the polemic epistles, the dispute
went on and on. Both publicists try to reconcile the reason
and faith, scientifi c and intuitive knowledge. In the view of
both authors integrity is connected with the synthesis, but it is
understood in different ways. Explaining their views, they turn
to the ancient Russia and in its life to fi nd confi rmation of their
words. The uniqueness of the Russian, eastern education
they see in the absence of conquest, a special way of life, the
orthodox faith. Since Russia hadnt experienced the infl uence
of Greco-Roman world, it maintained the innermost meaning
of the life, the integrity of the spiritual and social life. The article
reveals the slavophile idea of true enlightenment, based
on the joining, the integrity of the spiritual and the material
beginning, scientifi c and intuitive knowledge. Basing on the
analysis of slavophile essays, the author concludes that the
synthesis, to which strived the slavophiles, supposed the double
knowledge of the world - the logical, scientifi c knowledge,
and the knowledge based on imagination, intuition.

The author of the article researches the ideas
of nationalists expressed by A. Grigoryev, N. Strakhov, and F.
Dostoevsky in the art works by V. Rasputin. The nationalists
movement is based on the organic theory. Its main ideas of
worlds hierarchy, broadening of scientifi c knowledge at the expense
of artistic knowledge, the ground being both physical and
spiritual reality at the same time and the universal nature of
the Russian character found their continuation in the art works
of the modern artist. The author focuses on such categories
as ground, community, national sympathy, spirituality and a national
character that are pressing for Rasputins art works.

The article is devoted to the problem of art style
in A. Losevs works of 1920 and 1960-1980s. The philosopher
had considered a style category in its interrelation with the
categories of idea, image, content, form. He had shown the
difference between aesthetic as a sphere of expression and
art as a sphere of creation. The classifi cation of models of
style was also presented in his works. The scientist claimed
the thought about historical conditionality of style, structure of
the literary text as a «united-separate integrity», and about
the principle of designing of a style

The Russian intellectuals in 1860s ardently refl
ected on such questions as negative or positive effect of the
scientifi c and technological advance for the working people,
the role of the spiritual and economic factors in the transformation
of the common peoples lives. Herzen and Pecherine,
Chernyschevsky, historian Bestuzhev-Rumin, Pisarev argued
about this problem. Dostoevsky believed, that material welfare
could not be the aim of human existence. The works of
Saltykov-Shchedrin proved that misery situation of the Russian
peasantry and its narrow-mindedness were connected
so closely, that it was impossible to separate the reasons from
the consequences. The satirist together with other writers-realists
showed the complexity and drama of this problem to the
following generations.

The attention in the article is paid to N. Gumilevs
interest to cultures of the East, and also to ancient
and primitive cultures. The article is devoted the analysis of
a poem Gilgamesh by N. Gumilev, the translation of the
French adaptation of the Babylon epic about Gilgamesh. The
poem is considered from the point of view of expression of
the authors concept of the human personality, sense of its
life and a place in the universe. The parallel with Gumilevs
poetic creativity is drawn. The analysis of poems also reveals
the authors concept of the human personality and clarifi es
the poets outlook in his last years of life.

This article attempts to trace the relationship
between the category of «Terrible» with the subjective formation
of Pushkins lyceum lyrics. The aim of our research is
to examine subjective roles as an expression of the authors
behavior and to identify features of «agents of terrible» in the
formation of lyrical character. It turns out that the «agents of
terrible» are different for the lyrical character and the other
characters, which indicates the special position and status of
the poet. The «Terrible» from the real world does not disturb
the poet, or concerns him only from the literary perspective
(e.g. «war» as danger to characters and «war» as the object
of poets description). Dangerous for the poet is something
that stops him from creating and makes him equal with ordinary
people, distancing from the higher calling.

The article deals with the Quranic motifs of I.
Bunins poetry. Various verses directly connected with the
themes of different Quran surahs are analyzed, and the exact
adherence to Quranic verse meaning and connotations is revealed.
However, each poem of Quranic cycle represents an
original continuation of sources theme. Bunins verses represent
a simultaneous attempt to comprehend the meaning of
the Scripture and attempt to write in the sacred discourse. It
can be argued that poetry of I. Bunin on Quranic motifs is not
simply a beautiful poetry, but also the development of Russian
mentality of a true East.