This article examines the meaning-generating role of comparative and short forms of an adjective in the poetic text. The short forms derived from qualitative adjectives are analyzed. It is proved that adjectives play a highly important text-forming role in a poetic text. The paper also presents an artistic role of short and comparative forms derived from relative adjectives. The author argues that between qualitative and relative adjectives diffuse processes in poetic texts may develop.

The article deals with the possibility of studying Ryazan dialect vocabulary on the material of the Ryazan folk fairytale. Its oral form defines the dialect nature of the fairytale as the narrator represents some certain patois. The extent to which peculiarities of the dialect become apparent in folklore depends on the genre of the text. The modern folk fairytale includes both traditional dialect elements and new words and phrases that represent modern reality. Along with separate cases of phonetic and grammatical phenomena one comes across a significant number of examples of lexical and semantic dialecticisms that express local language's and everyday culture's flavour.

The rhetorical statements system with phraseological constructions in the poem by A. Tvar-dovsky «Vasily Terkin» reflects its national character of the language. Typical constructions are rhetorical statements with a pronoun component кто; rhetorical statements with a particle что если and alike, rhetorical statements with particle разве, rhetorical statements that are partly rhetorical; rhetorical statements of the name-verbal negative model; name- (adverb)- infinitive rhetorical statements. Typical functions of rhetorical statements are the following. aesthetic impact; intensifying of meaning; unfolding the text; cognitive function; stylization of the speech to the oral story; bringing the reader to the folk's nature. Complex use of rhetorical statements is characteristic of individual poet's style.

The article discusses the phraseological units of the modern Russian language containing a verb in an imperative mood as a dominating component. The correlation of such phraseological units to this or that part of speech is investigated. The author also analyzes the fixation of phraseological units with a verb in an imperative mood in dictionaries and investigates the grammatical categories of inflective phraseological units with a verb in an imperative mood, describes the main syntactic functions of these phraseological units.

The article presents a linguistic analysis of complex epithet, acting as one of the major figurative means of the poetic system in modern tendencies. The study was based on the language of art works of im-agism representatives. In this paper complex epithet is seen as a means of expression. The article shows the main aspects of imagism aesthetic program, highlights key structural and semantic characteristics of complex epithets identified in the texts of imaginists, offers a description of functional and stylistic use of the analyzed means of expression.

This article investigates various types of referential sentences in the historical essay "Two Hundred Years Together' by A. Solzhenitsyn. The conclusion is made that general-referential sentences create the basis of narration. They inform about constant or lasting signs of open sets of objects. However, concrete-referential sentences are quite frequent in this essay as well, they perform the functions of "foreign speech' transmission, different points of view estimation, serve to establish a dialogue between the author and the reader, to create a metatext.

This article is devoted to the study of foreign words, their functioning in the business language of the 17th century and the process of their development of the Russian language as the host. In the text of the G. Kotoshikhin's work «On Russia in the reign of Alexey Mikhailovich», the author of the article distinguishes word groups that are different and heterogeneous in the degree of tightness and adaptation in the Russian language system and that make up word formations of different parts of speech. The author also describes the process of grammatical adaptation of units and assesses variants of word forms, used in Kotoshikhin's text. The synchronous and diachronic approaches to language material are used.

The article deals with classification of names of persons according to their field of activity in the Russian language of the 18th century. Several lexical-semantic groups of thematic group "names of persons according to their activities” are identified. In this paper, the historical and definitional analyses are presented. Using the material of business documents of 18th century the author reveals the peculiarities of the process of borrowings as one of the main sources of forming of thematic group «names of persons according to their field of activity», as well as traces how the value and the use of the words of the group have changed in the modern Russian language.

The article is devoted to the study of exotic vocabulary in «African diary» N. Gumilev, which demonstrates the desire of the author to show the reader the realities of life in Abyssinia (Ethiopia) of the first half of the 20th century (shama, nagadras, andgera and others). We believe that choosing the text of the travel diary of Nikolay Gumilev as the material for the study makes it possible during the analysis of language features to identify the personality of the author as an observant traveler, for whom the specifics of exotic nomination of realities brings the scent of alien everyday life. The research of the poet-acmeist concerning the Abyssinian tribes (gallas, danakil, somali) led him to direct acquaintance with the their social structure, nature of power, the structure of housing, clothing, cuisine etc. The above interests us and justifies the use of the vector of comparison of the results of observations of the author with the results of the survey of the modern Russian travelers.

The article deals with the derivation possibilities systematization of the concepts «Spirit» and «Soul» in the Russian orthodox culture from the Old Russian age up to the present. The paper includes the extensive observation of nouns of derivational paradigm with rich and complicated structure which help not only to determine notions, linguistic conceptualization unit, but also allows to trace their transformation through time.

The article is devoted to the means of expressiveness and emotionality of a sentence. The analysis of the syntactic patterns enables us to emphasize the form of intensive as a means of expressing emotional attitude of a speaker towards the utterance. The following methods were used in the work: observation of the language material and its functional, stylistic and syntactic analysis. In N. Gogol's story "Taras Bulba”, the form of intensive helps us to highlight the dominant of the text. Emotionality of an utterance is made stronger through the usage of particles, interjections, repetitions and exclamatory intonation.

The Russian language has a number of words and phrases which mark relationships of inference. In this article, we identify and describe characteristics of markers of conclusion значит, стало быть, выходит. We mark elements of conclusion and analyze whether they are perceptive or informative, explicit or implicit, relevant or irrelevant. We also analyze sequence of elements of conclusion. Usually these words are considered to be synonyms however in this paper we show differences between them.

The article presents the results of the experiment on the restoration of texts with omitted minor members, subjects are students of 5-6 grades of a secondary school. The students were offered to restore the text without minor members, which are indicated graphically. The semantic integrity of the data obtained was classified into 4 groups. Analyzing the materials of each group, we note which discrepancies of grammatical standards are observed in students with different levels of training. Our findings suggest that the most common mistake for all of the subjects is the use of homogeneous members instead of an object and a noun attribute unagreed with it, as well as the use of an attribute in place of other members of a sentence.

Despite the fact that there are many studies of nicknames, including the youth ones (the works began to appear in the mid 80s of 20th century), a comprehensive study that would show the dynamics of existence of the youth communication nicknames has not been written yet. The article considers the gender aspect of an existing modern youth nicknames, active informal identifiers on the example of functioning of nicknames in uneven-age groups of residents of Smolensk. For the first time analyzed from the point of view of gender distinctions the live actual material allows to distinguish semantic and grammatical features of display of a gender in nicknames.

The article considers the problem of semantic relations and lexical structure of the language, which is one of the most actual problems in modern linguistics. The problem of semantic relations in the language is interesting not only from the point of view of the linguistic science, but also for the scientists of such scientific fields as psychology, philosophy, sociology, culturology and many others. The study is based on a comparative analysis of the works of representatives of different linguistic schools. Attempts are made to identify which approaches adopted in particular linguistic areas may be applied to clarify the phenomenon of semantic relations in the lexical composition of the national language. The research concerns the disclosure of the nature of such concepts as semantic relations, semantic field, semantic memory.

Present article is dedicated to the issue of correlation between axiological modality (appraisal) and modalities of other types. In the framework of the investigation the author examines the ability of modality-containing units (including modalities of possibility and reliability, implicated or explicated) to indicate axiological modality in an utterance. Such units in the article are considered as indicators of implicated axiological modality and constitute the subject of present analysis. Implicated appraisals are often found in media texts, that is why they were chosen for the investigation.

The article deals with the culturological aspect of a paremiologic field woman in the national picture of the world. Within an anthropocentric paradigm of linguistic research the gender direction in the description of a paremiologte field is considered. The research reveals the main aspects of realization of an image of a woman in the Russian folklore tradition as well as the influence of Christian foundations on a formation of a semantic field woman in a proverbial complex of the Russian language.

This article describes the pragmatic aspects of the functioning of one of the speech genres, namely gratitude speech strategies, which are divided into strategies of connection and strategies of distancing. The author studies the general and specific strategies, which are distinguished by some modern researchers. The study is based on comparative analysis of connection strategies and distancing strategies, characteristic of Russian and Chinese gratitude speech genre. The author has come to conclusion that communication strategies are seen as an object, the disclosure of which is determined by the need for learning of purposes of the speech behavior.

Black American literary history begins with the autobiographical narratives - travel narratives, stories about captivity, spiritual autobiographies, criminal confessions. Dying criminal confessions written down by white amanuenses, became a subgenre in the 18^th century being a part of the spiritual autobiographies. The confessions of Nat Turner (1831) became the best known example of the genre and the source of inspiration for W. Styron's masterpiece The Confessions of Nat Turner (1967) which influenced significantly contemporary African American prose.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the poetic system of poem "The gifts of Terek”, that reveals the author's aesthetical consciousness that sinks into antiquity of ancient myth and creates the author's version of the Caucasian universe, where the ideal natural harmony is redeemed by conflicts and victims of people. A study is directed to the aesthetical components of the artistic system: to the form of lyric statement, to characters, to the methods of author's entry into the text, to the structure of the story, to the lyrical and epic chro-notop, to sound image, composition, to genre and generic characteristics. The teleological artistic unity of all components of poem is emphasized. The article does not focus as much on the Lermontov's use of Caucasian and Cossack folklore, as it is usually done following N. Mendelson and B. Eykhenbaum, but studies the integrity of the mythological context of "The gifts of Terek” as the characteristic feature of individual author's thinking as a whole.

The article covers the peculiarities of Kuchelbecker ‘s worldview in his early works (18151825). We analyze the formation of his philosophical views, and the interest in the ideas of the Enlightenment and its later implementation in his literary legacy. Special attention is paid to the spiritual side of Kuechelbeker's outlook. We notice continuity of G. Derzhavin's ideas, critical position towards European Enlightenment morality. We study the peculiarity of the author's ideological position and specific features of its implementation in his literary work, analyze pieces of literature of various genres, special attention is paid to utopia "European letters”.

The article deals with different concepts of Russian scientists, who spoke about genesis and evolution of Pre-classicism; and basing on this material author makes conclusions about main features of Preclassicism. The author focuses on questions of relation between the Baroque and Classicism in the Russian culture in the late 17th - early 18th century, of chronological boundaries of Pre-classicism etc. For example, the main condition for appearance of Pre-classicism is an interaction of the Baroque and Classicism; and ideas, which were developed by Russian writers and poets in the late 17th - early 18th century, attest about transitivity of Russian literature of this period.

Popular historical novelist of the second half of 19th century count E. Salias de Tournemire fell into oblivion for most of the 20^th century. The article describes the major milestones of biography and creative work of the writer, arguing for the importance of his historical prose for Russian and world literature. It also shows the author's way to a historical novelist, reveals themes of his works, analyzes the novels "The Pugachevs”, "Petersburg action”, reveals the extent of imitation to L. Tolstoy.

The article deals with the evolution of nature poetry in English children's literature. The author thoroughly investigates the influence of Mary Howitt's, Jane Taylor's, Sarah Coleridge's and George Macdonald's poetry on Cecily Mary Barker's work and Cecily Mary Barker's innovative input to nature poetry. The author defines the typical traits of nature poetry that got formed in the "Flower Fairies” cycle, outlines the tendencies in the historical development of this poetic school and draws a conclusion about the importance of Cecily Mary Barker's heritage for preservation and popularization of nature poetry in contemporary children's literature.

The article is devoted to the analysis of literary salons that played a great role in the Russian culture of the 19th century. The author of the article investigates the peculiarities of the Russian literary salons and the reasons of their appearance and characterizes the salons which were created by women. The most famous salon-holders were A. Elagina, E. Golizyna, E. Kareamzina, S. Ponomareva, Z. Volkonskaya, K. Pavlova. The author pays the great attention to the salons of Z. Volkonskaya and K. Pavlova who were the writers as well. In the article, the author investigates the prose and poetry of Z. Volkonskaya and the poetry of K. Pavlova in the context of literary salon's existence.