One of the main subjects of this article is the reflection on the choice of military service that Nikolay Tolstoy, the elder brother of Leo Tolstoy, made. The author focuses on the role of holy representatives of the Ruric’s dynasty who had been sacrificing their lives for the sake of their countrymen. The author examines the premises which prompted N. Tolstoy to make such a choice and comes to the conclusion that the most important one was the hereditary innate sense of patriotism. Particular attention is drawn to the methods of family education of the little Tolstoys. Due to thorough analyses the author comes to the conclusion that some facts from N. Tolstoy’s life were used by L. Tolstoy in “The Cossacks”.

This article is devoted to a problem of artistic realization of the concept «collegiality» in the Russian historical novel «Yuri Miloslavsky, or Russians in 1612». The civil unity in the M. Zagoskin’s novel is based on orthodox unity, patriotism takes a form of the religious one, defence of the Fatherland is understood as fight for Orthodoxy, the consciousness of collegiality provides a sacralisation of national public ideals. The article has consistently traced the embodiment of the concept «collegiality» at the level of the system of images and «the gospel text» of the novel, and revealed its determination of images of clergy and Orthodox people.

The article concentrates on the event that took place during the Post-Stalin Thaw in U.S.-Soviet relations - John Steinbeck’s meeting with the young Soviet authors of “Yunost” magazine in 1963. The article is based on the memories of its participants - John Steinbeck, Yevgeny Yevtushenko, Bella Akhmadullina, Anatoly Gladilin, and archival documents related to the Steinbeck’s trip to the USSR in 1963.

The article discusses the artistic image of the Golden Age, the legendary blissful past period of mankind’s history, in the works by Dostoevsky, Schiller, Hölderlin, Novalis. Common motifs in description of the Golden Age in the works by mentioned authors perhaps are caused by their similarity in interpretation of modern history. The possibility of this comparison was mentioned in the works by Zhirmunsky and wasn’t still carried out in Dostoevsky’s studies. In proof of this investigation the wide cultural context is drawn. The fact of common world outlook of mentioned authors and the existing of literary tradition in description of the Golden Age is analysed.

The article is devoted to conceptually important for understanding of O. Forsh’s works phenomenon of interaction between two types of art: literature and painting. The subject of the research is not yet collected in the single set theoretical sayings of the writer on general problems of literature and art and their relations to Forsh’s journalistic and artistic texts. The analysis allows to come to closer understanding of the specifics of the creative individuality of O. Forsh.

The article reveals «Kursk theatre» magazine’s meaning in the formation of the local literature tradition. The magazine, published in Kursk in 1915-1916 edited by I. Strelskiy, covered all the aspects of artistic life of the region, it spoke about any innovation in the sphere of art, it gave the readers an opportunity to get acquainted with the literature of different genres. The peculiarities of «Kursk theatre» as the first edition of weekly artistic illustrated magazine are described in the article.

The article analyses the place of the book in the ethical and aesthetic axiological system of Austrian culture of the 19th century on the basis of a study of Austrian literary works. In the works of the Austrian writers A. Stifter, F. von Saar, P. Rosegger, M. Ebner von Eschenbach, the image of the book becomes an important part of the artistic sense of the world, clarifying the author’s worldview, spiritual and aesthetic guidelines of the Austrian culture. The article deals with the interaction of the book with the traditional values of Austrian culture such as the music and the spoken word, as well as the role of books in the upbringing and education.

The article deals with the question of religious motives in N. Teplova’s works. It’s noted that in early works the traditional romantic break between earthly and heavenly was interpreted by the poetess in pantheistic way. But gradually in N. Teplova’s poems, there was a re-evaluation of the theme and the separation between «here» and «there» started to gain exceptionally traditional orthodox sense. The creative evolution was influenced by the tragic events in poetess’ life and her spiritual changes.

The article deals with the functions of humour in terms of several disciplines and presents the analysis of some researches on this subject. The author considers it possible to use summarized data about humour functioning in fiction to carry out the professional pretranslation analysis. The paper marks out some specific conditions of the humour text functioning on the example of «The Stranger» by M. Frei. It also contains the description of the functions, and the conclusions about some qualitative and quantitative data.

The article presents an attempt to investigate correlation between the notions “text” and “discourse” as well as the role of text in the discourse system basing on the critical analysis of theoretical literature. The author emphasized different approaches to the discourse analysis in the French, German and Austrian, Anglo-American and Russian schools of discourse which caused difficulties in understanding the correlation between notions “text” and “discourse”. Features of the text which allow it to be an obligatory element of the discourse system are shown. Common features for both discourse and text as well as characteristics that determine their differences are distinguished.

Intensifiers are frequently used in the speech of our contemporaries. This article focuses on some controversial issues related to the use of intensifiers in imperative constructions with the meaning of request. The intensity in linguistics has not yet acquired the clear status: many linguists consider it a particular manifestation of the number of categories such as quantity, evaluation and expressivity. The intensity is shown on different linguistic levels: phonetic (intonation), lexical, grammatical (morphological and syntactic). The lack of consensus in determining the intensity, on the one hand, and the lack of understanding the reasons for the emergence of new intensifiers, on the other, make the study of the intensity relevant.

The article defines the functions of foreign language tokens “Twitter”, “Instagram”, “Facebook” in the texts of modern anecdotes associated thematically with the scientific and technical progress, the spread of the Internet. We consider the semantic function (filling the precedent text with new meaning); the function of creating metaphorical meaning of the text; and stylistic functions: impact on feelings and behaviour of the recipient (educational), regulation of human relations, its euphemisation; entertainment (game), laughter (creating comedy, irony, jokes).

The article compares the studies of phonological oppositions, specifies the conditions of occurrence of opposite relationship between phonemes, and identifies and systematizes formal signs of phonological oppositions. The study confirms the existence of lacunar oppositions and offers a method of their identification. Phonological oppositions are classified in terms of ways to neutralize them. The distinction between phonological and phonosemantic oppositions is made.

The subject of this article is the intertextual connections in the book «Plagiarism» by V. Petsukh. The article presents a comparative analysis of Chekhov’s story «Gooseberries», Saltykov-Shchedrin’s novel «The Story of a city» with the poems of the postmodernist writer. Common in the texts of Chekhov and Petsukh is the title of the work and the description of the taste of gooseberry, intertextuality is expressed indirectly. In relation to the novel by Saltykov-Shchedrin, Petsukh becomes the successor of the interrupted narrative of the satirical sense. The remake of classical literature becomes for a modern writer a starting point of his literary studies.

In the modern Russian literary languages two attributes precede a noun. But in colloquial speech attributes surround a noun. In the old Russian language word order could vary. We’ve analysed complex attributive phrases in the 17th century’s texts, and found out that there were some dialectal and style differences in the word order: the frame constructions are more wide-spread in the book texts, than in the business ones.

The article describes different levels of organization of the linguistic identity highlighted by Y. Karaulov (zero level, as well as first and second level and their elements). The author reveals the approaches in the framework of 3-level model of Y. Karaulov that allows to study the qualitative characteristics of the linguistic identity of Alexander Solzhenitsyn as the author of scientific and journalistic text (the historical essay “Two Hundred Years Together”), taking into account such essential characteristics as verbal-semantic, cognitive and pragmatic ones. Furthermore, the article highlights the theoretical value of the linguistic identity model of Y. Karaulov for the analysis of the linguistic identity of Alexander Solzhenitsyn as the author of scientific and journalistic text. The paper analyzes the units of vocabulary - some occasional verbs in the historical essay «Two Hundred Years Together».

This article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of LAND in the book by G. Kotoshikhin “On Russia in the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich”. The use of the nominee - polysemant earth - in certain lexical-semantic variants as a frequent one indicates that in the book the most striking was such a thick layer of content of the concept, which reflected the peculiarities of the ideology of the author as a representative of his time, who when writing the book had specific tasks of a historian. On one hand, this is a spatial representation of LAND as a territory that may belong to someone, may be managed, economically used, may serve as a subject of sale and purchase (economic and political views); on the other hand, (spiritual, cultural-historical level) the land is spiritualized, is perceived as a sacred object, is considered the guardian of a person, that one should bow to. These views of G. Kotoshikhin, including those that remain in the implicit plan of the work, can be considered characteristic to the linguistic identity, established during the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich, that came into contact with the national conceptosphere in the process of socialization.

The article deals with general Russian terms - hyperonyms “iron”, “copper”, and others in semasiological aspect. Moreover, the article considers etymology, semantics, methods of nomination, structure and terms range. It also presents the word-building patterns typical for hyperonyms «names of small parts of metals». The article discovers the main method of nomination which is semantic derivation. It studies the problem of forming of the terms hierarchical structure. The article presents the models of the multicomponent terms, reflecting a narrower specialization of the denotation, basing on hypero-hyponymic relations formed in a linear way. It reveals the specific character of the terms hierarchy. The author draws the conclusion that in the pre-national period, the mining industry term system was at the initial stage of its formation and the term microsystem was mainly forming by means of the native language.