Perlocutionary Effect in the Artistic Discourse of I. S. Turgenev’s Novel “Fathers and Children”: Intergenerational Dialogue

Aim. To identify and describe the perlocutionary effect of N. P. Kirsanov’s communicative behaviour in the artistic discourse of I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons,” and to determine the nature of the impact of the addressee’s verbal and non-verbal behaviour on the perception, emotional state, and reaction of the addressee-interlocutors. Special attention is given to the description of linguistic and paralinguistic means that ensure the achievement of the communicative goal and indicate the addressee’s intention.

Methodology. A pragmalinguistic approach, elements of discourse analysis, and the case study method, which helps to consider the artistic dialogue as a space for the implementation of communicative strategies and tactics, formed the methodological basis of the study. In the process of analysing case 1, it was established that Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov’s intention is to express love, care, and joy upon meeting his son, which creates a positive emotional background for communication. Verbal means include the use of expressive means and non-verbal means, such as gestures, facial expressions, and intonation, complement verbal signals, conveying the addressee’s emotional state and creating an atmosphere of joy, trust, and mutual understanding.

Results confirm that N. P. Kirsanov’s communicative behaviour is characterized by a high degree of empathy, sensitivity, and a commitment to maintaining a dialogue between generations, demonstrating the addressee’s exceptional communicative competence. Arkady’s perlocutionary effect manifests itself on multiple levels: emotional, behavioural, cognitive, and dialogical. During the analysis of case 2, it was established that N. P. Kirsanov’s communication is aimed at building a polite, friendly, and socially normative dialogue with Bazarov as his son’s friend and guest. Bazarov's perlocutionary effect manifests itself verbally and non-verbally at the emotional, cognitive, and behavioural levels, and is characterized by a reserved and distant attitude. Verbal expressions include concise responses, lack of detailed remarks, and minimal use of etiquette formulas. Non-verbal expressions include distancing, aloofness, and indifference. Bazarov’s perlocutionary effect is limited due to his personal attitudes and nihilistic worldview. The theoretical and practical significance lies in the development of a comprehensive analysis of the perlocutionary effect, which considers the cognitive, emotional, behavioural, and dialogical aspects of communication, as well as the role of verbal and non-verbal communication tools, and linguistic and non-linguistic factors.

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