INTERPRETIVE PERCEPTION, COGNITIVE MONITORING, AND COMMUNICATION FAILURES IN THE VERBALIZATION OF PURPOSE JUDGMENTS (IN THE LIGHT OF W. L. CHAFE’S LINGUISTIC VIEWS)

Aim. On the example of text units with the semantics of purpose, functioning in the genre of political discourse interviews, we identify the specifics of verbalization of judgments from their generation to the moment of explication, establish indicators of mental monitoring, and determine the factors that cause communication failures in the process of manifestation of the purpose entities in a text.

Methodology. The study relies on the materials of ordinary discourse. Using the continuous sampling method for linguistic observation and subsequent conversational analysis in the genre of political interviews, a corpus of question–answer pairs of about 2500 units is identified. The specifics of categorization of the perceptual image of the event by the recipients is analyzed in a linguistic experiment. The main conclusions of the study are made on the basis of introspection as the main source of judgments about cognitive and linguistic phenomena.

Results. The specifics of verbalization is identified as a complex of processes at the pre-communicative stage (the formation of non-verbal information in the mind of the speaker), the communicative stage (the explication of the judgment), and the post-communicative stage (the evaluation of the verbalized judgment from the point of view of its correspondence to the representation of the event / situation.) Indicators of mental monitoring are established, i.e. communication failures, indicating not only the revealed irrelevance of the realized judgment of non-verbal information, but also the speaker’s intention to ensure the effectiveness of interaction by fulfilling the sincerity condition.

Research implications. A broader interpretation of the term verbalization is proposed as a complex of processes, including a number of operations at the pre- and post-communicative stages of interaction. The nature of communicative failures in verbalization of purpose judgments in the genre of political discourse is determined. The structure of mental monitoring carried out by the speaker in order to realize the communicative intention within the framework of effective interaction is considered and described.

1. Van Dijk T. A. Language. Knowledge. Communication (Rus. ed.: Dmitrovskaya M. A., Sukhomlinova S. N., Romashko S. A., Medvedeva S. Yu., Kreidlin G. E., Optova V. S., Gulyga O. A., transl. Yazyk. Poznanie. Kommunikatsiya. Blagoveshchensk, BGK imeni I. A. Boduena de Kurtene Publ., 2000. 308 p.).

2. Vinograd T. [Toward a Procedural Understanding of Semantics]. In: Novoe v zarubezhnoi lingvistike. Vyp. XII: Prikladnaya lingvistika [New in Foreign Linguistics. Iss. XII: Applied Linguistics]. Moscow, Raduga Publ., 1983, pp. 123–170.

3. Goodman B. A. Reference and Reference Failures (Rus. ed.: Selivanova N. V., transls. Identifikatsiya referenta i svyazannye s nei kommunikativnye neudachi. In: Novoe v zarubezhnoi lingvistike. Vyp. XXIV: Komp’yuternaya lingvistika [New in Foreign Linguistics. Iss. XXIV: Computational Linguistics]. Moscow, Progress Publ., 1989, pp. 209–258).

4. Demyankov V. Z. Interpretatsiya, ponimanie i lingvisticheskie aspekty ikh modelirovaniya na EVM [Interpretation, Understanding and Linguistic Aspects of Their Computer Modeling]. Moscow, Moscow University Publ., 1989. 172 p.

5. Kibrik A. A. Analiz diskursa v kognitivnoi perspektive: dis. … d-ra filol. nauk [Discourse Analysis in a Cognitive Perspective: Dr. Sci. Thesis in Philological Sciences]. Moscow, 2003. 90 p.

6. Lakoff G. Generative Semantics (Rus. ed.: Rozana R. I., transl. O porozhdayushchei semantike. In: Novoe v zarubezhnoi lingvistike. Vyp. X: Lingvisticheskaya semantika [New in Foreign Linguistics. Iss. X: Linguistic Semantics]. Moscow, Progress Publ., 1981, pp. 302–349).

7. Lenert W. Problems of a Question–Answer Dialogue (Rus. ed.: Rozina R. I., transl. Problemy voprosno-otvetnogo dialoga. In: Novoe v zarubezhnoi lingvistike. Vyp. XXIII: Kognitivnye aspekty yazyka [New in Foreign Linguistics. Iss. XXIII: Cognitive Aspects of Language]. Moscow, Progress Publ., 1988, pp. 258–280).

8. Strawson P. F. Intention and Convention in Speech Acts (Rus. ed.: Gorodetsky B. Yu., ed. Namerenie i konvenstiya v rechevykh aktakh. In: Novoe v zarubezhnoi lingvistike. Vyp. XVII: Teoriya rechevykh aktov [New in Foreign Linguistics. Iss. XVII: The Theory of Speech Acts]. Moscow, Progress Publ., 1986, pp. 130–150).

9. Chomsky N. Language and Thought (Rus. ed.: Gorodetsky B. Yu., transl. Yazyk i myshlenie. Moscow, Moscow State University Publ., 1972. 123 p.).

10. Chafe W. Data, Contrast, Certainty, Subject, Topics and Point of View (Rus. ed.: Laufer N. I., transl. Dannoe, kontrastivnost’, opredelennost’, podlezhashchee, topiki i tochka zreniya. In: Novoe v zarubezhnoi lingvistike. Vyp. XI: Sovremennye sintaksicheskie teorii v amerikanskoi lingvistike [New in Foreign Linguistics. Iss. XI: Modern Syntactic Theories in American Linguistics]. Moscow, Progress Publ., 1982, pp. 276–315).

11. Chafe W. Thought-Based Linguistics: How Languages Turn Thoughts into Sounds (Rus. ed.: Luk’yanchenko E. A., Fedorova O. V., Kibrik A. A., transls. Na puti k lingvistike, osnovannoi na myshlenii. In: Yazyk i mysl’: Sovremennaya kognitivnaya lingvistika [Language and Thought: Modern Cognitive Linguistics]. Moscow, Yazyki slavyanskoj kul’tury Publ., 2015, pp. 60–88).

12. Chafe W. The Recall and Verbalization of Past Experience (Rus. ed.: Gorodetsky B. Yu., transl. Pamyat’ i verbalizaciya proshlogo opyta. In: Novoe v zarubezhnoi lingvistike. Vyp. XII: Prikladnaya lingvistika [New in Foreign Linguistics. Iss. XII: Applied Linguistics]. Moscow, Raduga Publ., 1983, pp. 35–73).

13. Chafe W. The Role of Introspection, Observation and Experiment in understanding Thinking (Rus. ed.: Prozanova E. V., transl. Rol’ introspektsii, nablyudeniya i eksperimenta v ponimanii myshlenii. In: Voprosy yazykoznaniya [Topics in the Study of Language], 2008, no. 4, pp. 78–88).

14. Chafe W. Discourse, Consciousness, and Time: The Flow and Displacement of Conscious Experience in Speaking and Writing. Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, 1994. 392 p.

15. Chafe W. From Thoughts to Sounds. Routledge Handbook of Discourse Analysis. London, New York: Routledge, 2012. 712 p.

16. Sapir E. Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech. New York, Harcourt, Brace, 1921. 125 р.

17. Slobin D. I. From “Thought and Language” to “Thinking for Speaking”. In: Rethinking Linguistic Relativity, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1996, pp. 70–96.